Pakistan vs. India WAR! My First Article

Pakistan vs. India WAR!

My First Article     

Pakistan vs. India WAR!

Both nations’ are religious fool they are taught to hate each other and this work is mostly performed by politicians using some TV ads and another source of communication, religious blind nations wants to kill one another because they don’t have humanism.

It’s a fact India continually atrocity in Jammu Kashmir that is also a big reason for the Pakistani nation to hate India and there were few sentences of PM Modi's speech regarding Baluchistan issue that became a cause of bad relation between Pak and India. But unfortunately, Pakistani Politicians make it a way to get success in election few people used to speech for getting famousness. It’s not only strongest point of Pakistan but also of India because politicians know that both nations are the religious extremist. It’s not theory made by me but its fact there is no compromise in Pak or India when religion is involved.

Pakistan is also not innocent Pak is involved indirectly in Indian attacks if Pak is not then it has provided hidden support to people who were involved in the attacks. It’s already mentioned politicians are always waiting for such a great opportunity to get some extra success, they are starting a WAR! By presenting extremist speeches and these extremist words sounds good and the outcome is this in front of us human wants to kill human willingly with no any shame ness.

I am requesting to all my Pakistani and Indian friends kindly don’t spread intense dislike, please spread love and peace. There is nothing in WAR without Destruction if it happens there will be nothing, no who loves you or whom you love.

Love You Pakistan.

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The von Neumann architecture

The von Neumann architecture

The von Neumann architecture, which is also known as the von Neumann model and Princeton architecture, is a computer architecture based on that described in 1945 by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann and others in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with parts consisting of a processing unit containing an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers. a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter. a memory to store both data and instructions; external mass storage and input and output mechanisms. The meaning has evolved to be any stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is referred to as the von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system.

The design of a von Neumann architecture machine is simpler than that of a Harvard architecture machine, which is also a stored-program system but has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading data from and writing data to memory, and another set of address and data buses for fetching instructions.

The processing unit can be broken down into a coupe of sub units, the ALU, the processing control unit and the program counter. The ALU compute the arithmetic logic needed to run programs (adding and subtracting to registers etc.) To be simple, the control unit just controls the flow of data through the processor. It could be called the brain of the processor if you will. The program essentially points to when you are in instruction memory, it keeps track of what instruction you are running at the moment and increments when done.

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Robotics

Robotics

 Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing.

Robot is a real or imaginary machine that is controlled by a computer and is often made to look like a human or animal. a machine that can do the work of a person and that works automatically or is controlled by a computer.

Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous and range from humanoids such as Honda's Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility and TOSY's Ping Pong Playing Robot (TOPIO) to industrial robots, medical operating robots, patent assist robots, dog therapy robots, collectively programmed swarm robots, UAV drones such as General Atomics MQ-1 Predator, and even microscopic nano robots. By mimicking a lifelike appearance or automating movements, a robot may convey a sense of intelligence or thought of its own.  These robots have also created a newer branch of robotics.

As mechanical techniques developed through the Industrial age, there appeared more practical applications such as automated machines, remote-control and wireless remote-control.

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A digital computer

A digital computer

A digital computer is machine that stores data in a numerical format and performs operations on that data using mathematical manipulation. This type of computer typically includes some sort of device to store information, some method for input and output of data, and components that allow mathematical operations to be performed on stored data. Digital computers are almost always electronic but do not necessarily need to be so.

Digital computer, any of a class of devices capable of solving problems by processing information in discrete form. It operates on data, including magnitudes, letters, and symbols, that are expressed in binary code. For example using only the two digits 0 and 1. By counting, comparing, and manipulating these digits or their combinations according to a set of instructions held in its memory, a digital computer can perform such tasks as to control industrial processes and regulate the operations of machines; analyze and organize vast amounts of business data; and simulate the behavior of dynamic systems like global weather patterns and chemical reactions in scientific research. these are much powerful machine that are mostly used in our daily life .

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An analog computer

An analog computer

An analog computer is a form of computer that uses the continuously-changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved.An analog computer that represents data by measurable quantities, as voltages or, formerly, the rotation

of gears, in order to solve a problem, rather than  by  expressing  the data  as  numbers. Analogue computers are more accurate than digital computers but not fast as digital.

Analog computers are the first computers being developed and provided the basis for the development of the modern digital computers. Analog computers are widely used for certain specialized engineering and scientific applications, for calculation and measurement of analog quantities. They are frequently used to control process such as those found in oil refinery where flow and temperature measurements are important. They are used for example in paper making and in chemical industry. Analog computers do not require any storage capability because they measure and compare quantities in a single operation. Analog computers are especially well suited to simulating dynamic systems; such simulations may be conducted in real time or at greatly accelerated rates, thereby allowing experimentation by repeated runs with altered variables. They have been widely used in simulations of aircraft, nuclear power plants, and industrial chemical processes.

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Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed.

Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving".The central problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence is among the field's long-term goals. Approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence, soft computing (e.g. machine learning), and traditional symbolic AI. Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer science,  mathematics,  psychology,  linguistics,  philosophy,  neuroscience and artificial psychology.

Knowledge engineering is a core part of AI research. Machines can often act and react like humans only if they have abundant information relating to the world. Artificial intelligence must have access to objects, categories, properties and relations between all of them to implement knowledge engineering. Initiating common sense, reasoning and problem-solving power in machines is a difficult and tedious approach. Machine learning is another core part of AI. Learning without any kind of supervision requires an ability to identify patterns in streams of inputs, whereas learning with adequate supervision involves classification and numerical regressions. Classification determines the category an object belongs to and regression deals with obtaining a set of numerical input or output examples, thereby discovering functions enabling the generation of suitable outputs from respective inputs. Mathematical analysis of machine learning algorithms and their performance is a well-defined branch of theoretical computer science often referred to as computational learning theory

Robotics is also a major field related to AI. Robots require intelligence to handle tasks such as object manipulation and navigation, along with sub-problems of localization, motion planning and mapping. 

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Free Data Recovery Software

Free Data Recovery Software

The free data recovery software can recover accidentally deleted files as well as data from damaged or formatted hard drives. Data Recovery software is a Professional ,useful and advanced data recovery software. It can recover data from your hard drive, USB drives, memory cards, and other storage devices.

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Windows 8.1 Activator Pro Free Download

Windows 8.1 Activator Pro Free Download for x86 and 64

New windows 8.1 activator is the most trusted, genuine and authentic activator for windows 8 and 8.1 all versions. The windows 8.1 activator enables all features of windows 8.1 and activates it’s all features for life time.  We randomly update this post with new version, if you face any issue or need any assistance just contact us using contact us page or using comment box.
Note: Before activating your windows antivirus must be disabled and your PC must be connected to internet. It will take less than minute to activate your windows.

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Cache Memory

Cache Memory

Although cache memory is invisible to the OS, it interacts with other memory management hardware. Furthermore, many of the principles used in virtual memory schemes are also applied in cache memory.

On all instruction cycles, the processor accesses memory at least once, to fetch the instruction, and often one or more additional times, to fetch operands and/ or store results. The rate at which the processor can execute instructions is clearly limited by the memory cycle time (the time it takes to read one word from or write one word to memory). This limitation has been a significant problem because of the persistent mismatch between processor and main memory speeds: Over the years, processor speed has consistently increased more rapidly than memory access speed. We are faced with a trade-off among speed, cost, and size. Ideally, main memory should be built with the same technology as that of the processor registers, giving memory cycle times comparable to processor cycle times. This has always been too expensive a strategy. The solution is to exploit the principle of locality by providing a small, fast memory between the processor and main memory, namely the cache.

Cache Design

Key elements of cache design are briefly summarized here. We will see that similar design issues must be addressed in dealing with virtual memory and disk cache design. They fall into the following categories:

• Cache size

• Block size

• Mapping function

• Replacement algorithm

• Write policy

• Number of cache levels

We have already dealt with the issue of cache size. It turns out that reasonably small caches can have a significant impact on performance.

Another size issue is that of block size: the unit of data exchanged between cache and main memory. As the block size increases from very small to larger sizes, the hit ratio will at first increase because of the principle of locality: the high probability that data in the vicinity of a referenced word are likely to be referenced in the near future. As the block size increases, more useful data are brought into the cache. The hit ratio will begin to decrease, however, as the block becomes even bigger and the probability of using the newly fetched data becomes less than the probability of reusing the data that have to be moved out of the cache to make room for the new block.

When a new block of data is read into the cache, the mapping function determines which cache location the block will occupy. Two constraints affect the design of the mapping function. First, when one block is read in, another may have to be replaced. We would like to do this in such a way as to minimize the probability that we will replace a block that will be needed in the near future (i.e we have not to delete a block coming in near fyture). The more flexible the mapping functions, the more scope we have to design a replacement algorithm to maximize the hit ratio. Second, the more flexible the mapping function, the more complex is the circuitry required to search the cache to determine if a given block is in the cache.

The replacement algorithm chooses, within the constraints of the mapping

function, which block to replace when a new block is to be loaded into the cache and the cache already has all slots filled with other blocks. We would like to replace the block that is least likely to be needed again in the near future. Although it is impossible to identify such a block, a reasonably effective strategy is to replace the block that has been in the cache longest with no reference to it. This policy is referred to as the least-recently-used (LRU) algorithm. Hardware mechanisms are needed to identify the least-recently-used block.

If the contents of a block in the cache are altered, then it is necessary to write it

Back to main memory before replacing it. The write policy dictates when the memory write operation takes place. At one extreme, the writing can occur every time that the block is updated. At the other extreme, the writing occurs only when the block is replaced.

Finally, it is now commonplace to have multiple levels of cache, labeled L1

(Cache closest to the processor), L2, and in many cases a third level L3.

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Computer Buses

Computer Buses

In Computer a bus or bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This expression covers all related hardware components (wire, optical fiber, etc.) and software, including communication protocols.  You can think of a bus as a highway on which data travels within a computer. When used in reference to a personal computer, the term bus usually refers to the internal bus. This is a bus that connects all the internal computer components to the CPU and main memory. There's also an expansion bus that enables expansion board  to access the CPU and memory. 

In early computer systems, all the data traveled across actual cables, which got pretty messy. Large bundles of wires were organized using bus bars, which is where the term 'bus' comes from. Nowadays, most of these wires are typically gold-plated traces (or tiny flat wires) on the computer's motherboard , a large flat surface that all the electronic stuff gets mounted to. The most critical connection of any computer system is the system bus.Cables are still used in present-day computer systems, in particular, to connect external devices. The most common type of connection is a Universal Serial Bus (or USB), which you can probably recognize. Many peripheral devices, such as printers and scanners, use a USB connection.

There are three types of Buses.

1.The data bus:- Data bus is the most common type of bus. It is used to transfer data between different components of computer. The number of lines in data bus affects the speed of data transfer between different components. The data bus consists of 8, 16, 32, or 64 lines. A 64-line data bus can transfer 64 bits of data at one time.

2.The address buss:- Many components are connected to one another through buses. Each component is assigned a unique ID. This ID is called the address of that component. It a component wants to communicate with another component, it uses address bus to specify the address of that component. The address bus is a unidirectional bus. It can carry information only in one direction. It carries address of memory location from microprocessor to the main memory.

3.The Control bus:-Control bus is used to transmit different commands or control signals from one component to another component. Suppose CPU wants to read data from main memory. It will use control is also used to transmit control signals like AcKS (Acknowledgement signals).

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Side effect of Cold drinks a video

Side effect of Cold drinks

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Registers Fastest Memory

Register Memory

In a computer, a register is one of a small set of data holding places that are part of a computer processor . A register may hold a computer instruction , a storage address, or any kind of data (such as a bit sequence or individual characters). Some instructions specify registers as part of the instruction.Register is a quickly accessible location available to a digital  processor's central processing unit (CPU).although some registers have specific hardware functions, and may be read-only or write-only. Registers are typically addressed by mechanisms other than main memory, but may in some cases be memory mapped.

Processor registers are normally at the top of the memory hierarchy, and provide the fastest way to access data. The term normally refers only to the group of registers that are directly encoded as part of an instruction, as defined by the instruction set. However, modern high-performance CPU's often have duplicates of these "architectural registers" in order to improve performance via register renaming, allowing parallel and speculative execution.

The number of registers available on a processor and the operations that can be performed using those registers has a significant impact on the efficiency of code generated by optimizing compiler. The strahler number of an expression tree gives the minimum number of registers required to evaluate that expression tree.

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Data And Information

Data And Information

Data representing quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer. Data is not information. Data requires interpretation to become information. To translate data to information, there must be several known factors considered. The factors involved are determined by the creator of the data and the desired information.

In simple or according to me data is anything which we give computer in input.

Information is stimuli that have to mean in some context for its receiver. When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again be perceived as information .

Anything in computer output in any form (audio, video, text ) can be called as Information.

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HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program)

HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program)

The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) was an ionosphere research program jointly funded by the U.S. Air fores, the US, Navy the university of Alaska and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), designed and built by British aerospace and defense company advance technology (BAEAT)

Its purpose was to analyze the ionosphere and investigate the potential for developing ionospheric enhancement technology for radio communications and surveillance.Though denied by HAARP project officials, some respected researchers allege that secret electromagnetic warfare capabilities of the project are designed to forward the US military's stated goal of achieving full-spectrum dominance by the year 2020.

Others go so far as to claim that HAARP can and has been used for weather control, to cause earthquakes and tsunamis, to disrupt global communications systems, and more. They point to major aspects of the program which are kept secret for alleged reasons of "national security." The U.S. patent of a key developer of HAARP and other documentary evidence support these claims. And there is no doubt that electromagnetic weapons capable of being used in warfare do exist.

According to the official HAARP website, "HAARP is a scientific endeavor aimed at studying the properties and behavior of the ionosphere, with particular emphasis on being able to understand and use it to enhance communications and surveillance systems for both civilian and defense purposes." The ionosphere is the delicate upper layer of our atmosphere which ranges from about 30 miles (50 km) to 600 miles (1,000 km) above the Earth's surface.

This is little introduction of HAARP ,now i would like ask a question from my Pakistani friend, does they think for a movement that what we are researching in our country??  without researching on it that he is a Muslim he he Non Muslim and   other foolish questions.

Plz just think out of box its better for us!

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Internet and Its Uses

Essay on Internet and Its Uses

Internet and its uses

Internet is a global network of inter-connected computers, where one computer can be connected to any other computer (or computerized device) in any portion of the world.

Internet uses various internet protocol technologies. The recent introduction of mobile internet have been equally successful.

Uses of Internet

The key to success of Internet is the information. The better the quality, the more usage of Internet operations.

Large volume of Information: Internet can be used to collect information from around the world. This information could relate to education, medicine, literature, software, computers, business, entertainment, friendship, tourism, and leisure. People can search for information by visiting the home page of various search engines such as Google, Yahoo, Bing, etc.

News and Journals: All the newspapers, magazines and journals of the world are available on the Internet. With the introduction of broadband and advanced mobile telecommunication technologies such as 3G (third generation) and 4G (fourth generation), the speed of internet service has increased tremendously. A person can get the latest news about the world in a matter of few seconds.

Electronic Mode of Communication: Internet has given the most exciting mode of communication to all. We can send an E-mail (the short form of Electronic Mailing System) to all the corners of the world.

Chatting: There are many chatting software that can be used to send and receive real-time messages over the internet. We can chat with our friend and relatives using any one of the chatting software.

Social Networking: People can connect with old friends on social networking sites. They can even chat with them when they are online. Social networking sites also allow us to share pictures with others. We can share pictures with our loved ones, while we are on a vacation. People are even concluding business deals over these social networking sites such as Facebook.

Online Banking (Net-Banking): The use of internet can also be seen in the field of banking transactions. Many banks such as HBL, UBL, Payza Bank, Pioneer Bank, etc. offers online banking facilities to its customers. They can transfer funds from one account to another using the net-banking facility.

E-commerce: Internet is also used for carrying out business operations and that set of operations is known as Electronic Commerce (E-commerce). amazon is the largest e-commerce company in India. The rival, Amazon, is giving stiff competition to amazon.

Mobile commerce: Mobile commerce (also M-Commerce) refers to the commercial transaction that takes place over the mobile internet. Using the mobile internet technology, many companies have introduced mobile version of websites and mobile apps, to promote and sell their products. Customers can simply browse several through the products and buy online through mobile internet.

Mobile wallet: Many companies offer the service of mobile wallet to its customers. Users must have a smart-phone and internet connection to use this service. Users can pay an amount into their mobile wallet, which they can use to make online payment such as bill payments, recharges, etc.

Entertainment: Apart from a major source of knowledge and information, the utility of Internet in the field of entertainment cannot be undermined. We can visit various video sites and watch movies and serials at our convenient time.

Technology of the Future: Internet is the technology of future. In the times to come, offices would be managed at distant places through Internet.

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10 most frequently asked interview questions

1. Tell Me About Yourself?

This is usually the first question asked in an interview as it lets the interviewer know a little bit about you.

It is important that you deliver a confident answer to this, so it is advised that you rehearse before the interview.

Make sure that you identify areas that reflect the job you are being interviewed for and show your enthusiasm, this can display the interviewer how you are well suited to the job. Also try and include some of the achievements you feel are important.

2. What Are Your Key Strengths/Skills?

When answering this question, it is important that you respond to relevant skills and strengths that make you suited to the job.

Doing research beforehand can help prepare an answer to this question. By studying the job advert and person specification, it can help you think about the requirements that make you relevant and appropriate for the job role.

3. What Are Your Weaknesses?

Try not to be too critical when answering this question. Instead, pick one of your weaknesses and try to turn it into a positive.

For example, you could be a perfectionist, which means that you sometimes take longer on tasks, but you make sure that they are completed to a high quality. It is important to make a negative into a positive as it doesn’t make you appear overly critical and shows you can reflect on your own performance.  

4. Why Did You Leave Your Last Job?

Whatever the situation was from your previous job, you should always answer this question with a positive and enthusiastic response. If the reason for leaving your last job was redundancy, then you should talk about how your company had to restructure, instead of focusing on your own personal situation.

Under no circumstances should you criticize your previous employer, as this will appear unprofessional.

5. Why Do You Want This Job?

Answer this question with a response that highlights why you would be a good candidate for the job and how enthusiastic you are about it.

Ensure that you show an interest in the job sector and understand the company and their ethos, and show how your skills match their requirements.

6. Give Me An Example Of A Difficult Situation/Task At Work And How You Dealt With It

This is often asked so that you can express situations in which you used problem-solving and communication skills to help resolve the situation. It is suggested that you identify a situation that you assisted in settling through showing emotional intelligence.

7. Tell Me About An Achievement You Are Proud Of

This question gives you the opportunity to show how past achievements will benefit the business. It is suggested that you only include personal achievements if they are highly impressive or prestigious. Otherwise try and identify a time where you achieved a good sale or something relevant to the job role.

For the more experienced candidates looking for higher level roles e.g. Sales Director Jobs the answer should focus on closely related areas of sales achievements and executive decisions. For example, your answer should mention the driving of an increase in sales or building a successful sales team regionally and globally – what did you achieve and how? success stories are essential!

8. What Are Your Career Goals?

The reason for this question being asked is because the employer wants to understand how long you intend to stay for. Reassure them by explaining how the job role fits your career plan, as this will display your long-term commitment to the company.

9. What Are Your Expectations Of The Salary?

The salary is typically discussed when the job is offered, so, if possible, try and avoid bringing this up in the interview. However, if the interviewer asks this question just give a real but wide salary range that you are happy to negotiate and emphasize that you feel the salary will not be an issue if you decide to work with each together.

You could also give examples of previous pay and benefits; by saying “in my last role my salary was” “the benefits/bonuses included meant my pay reached….” this helps the interviewer see the scale to which they can negotiate on too.

10. What Do You Know About The Organisation?

It is critical that you show you have done some prior research on the company before the interview. Looking into areas such as the company structure, finances, customers, products and services, competitors and market trends as these are the key areas.

You need to show you have a thorough understanding of what the company is about and how they work. If not, it will look like you have no interest in working for the company. 

Personal Career Management Managing Director Connie Mills is an author of the UK’s number one and best-selling book “You’re Hired! How to write a brilliant CV”.  To find out more advice on career and interview tips you can visit Personal Career Management here.

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